Glossary

 

*ALL DEFINITIONS FROM WWW.M-W.COM, UNLESS OTHERWISE CITED*

A

Acquiesced

to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively -- often used with in and sometimes with to

 

Anarchy

1 a : absence of government b : a state of lawlessness or political disorder due to the absence of governmental authority c : a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without government
2 a : absence or denial of any authority or established order b : absence of order : DISORDER <not manicured plots but a wild anarchy of nature -- Israel Shenker>

 

Appliance

a piece of equipment for adapting a tool or machine to a special purpose

 

Application

    1. ~ program: A complete, self-contained program that performs a specific function directly for the user. This is in contrast to system software such as the operating system kernel, server processes and libraries which exists to support application programs.
    2. http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?application+program

    3. Function~: A function applied to (some of) its arguments. If it is not applied to all its argument then it is a "partial application". Application is usually written in the form f(x) but some languages such as command-line interpreters and many functional languages use juxtaposition: f x. Lisp places the parentheses around the whole application: (f x).

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?function+application

Apropos

1 : at an opportune time : SEASONABLY
2 : by way of interjection or further comment: with regard to the present topic

 

Assembly (Machine) Code

A symbolic representation of the machine language of a specific processor. Assembly language is converted to machine code by an assembler. Usually, each line of assembly code produces one machine instruction, though the use of macros is common

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=ASSEMBLY+code

 

B

Banal

: lacking originality, freshness, or novelty : TRITE

 

C

Calculator

a usually electronic device for performing arithmetic operations

 

Colloquial

1 : of or relating to conversation : CONVERSATIONAL
2 a : used in or characteristic of familiar and informal conversation; also : unacceptably informal b : using conversational style

 

Compiler

A program that converts another program from some source language (or programming language) to machine language (object code). Some compilers output assembly language which is then converted to machine language by a separate assembler.

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=compiler

 

Computer

a digital device that has a means for Input and Output to/from Storage,

and can execute and operate upon the data placed in Storage; a computer

executes instructions in Storage sequentially, but can alter the flow,

i.e., branch, based upon the results of some comparison.

 

CPU

Central Processing Unit

E

embryonic

1 : of or relating to an embryo

2 : being in an early stage of development : INCIPIENT, RUDIMENTARY

 

ethics

a set of moral principles or values;

the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group;

a guiding philosophy

 

empirical

1 : originating in or based on observation or experience <empirical data>
2 : relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory
3 : capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment <empirical laws>

F

Flip-flop

1 : the sound or motion of something flapping loosely
2 a : a backward handspring b : a sudden reversal (as of direction or point of view)
3 : a usually electronic device or a circuit (as in a computer) capable of assuming either of two stable states
4 : a rubber sandal loosely fastened to the foot by a thong

 

G

GIF

Graphics Interchange Format: A standard for digitised images compressed with the LZW algorithm, defined in 1987 by CompuServe (CIS).

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=GIF

 

H

High Level Language

(HLL) A programming language which provides some level of abstraction above assembly language. These normally use statements consisting of English-like keywords such as "FOR", "PRINT" or "GOTO", where each statement corresponds to several machine language instructions. It is much easier to program in a high-level language than in assembly language though the efficiency of execution depends on how good the compiler or interpreter is at optimising the program.

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?high-level+language

 

I

Ibid

Ibidem: in the same place

 

Integrated Circuit

a tiny complex of electronic components and their connections that is produced in or on a small slice of material (as silicon)

impetus

1. a driving force

 

innocuous

1 : producing no injury : harmless

2 : not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility

 

J

JPEG

Joint Photographic Expert Group: The original name of the committee that designed the standard image compression algorithm. JPEG is designed for compressing either full-colour or grey-scale digital images of "natural", real-world scenes. It does not work so well on non-realistic images, such as cartoons or line drawings. JPEG does not handle compression of black-and-white (1 bit-per-pixel) images or moving pictures. Standards for compressing those types of images are being worked on by other committees, named JBIG and MPEG.

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=JPEG

 

M

Masochist

a sexual perversion characterized by pleasure in being subjected to pain or humiliation especially by a love object -- compare SADISM
2 : pleasure in being abused or dominated : a taste for suffering

 

Metaphor

1 : a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them (as in drowning in money); broadly : figurative language -- compare SIMILE
2 : an object, activity, or idea treated as a metaphor :

N

Nanotechnology

1 : the art of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale especially to build microscopic devices (as robots)

 

O

Operating system

(OS) The low-level software which handles the interface to peripheral hardware, schedules tasks, allocates storage, and presents a default interface to the user when no application program is running.

http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=operating+system

ostentatious

fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display

 

P

Patronize

1 : to act as patron of : provide aid or support for
2 : to adopt an air of condescension toward : treat haughtily or coolly
3 : to be a frequent or regular customer or client of

 

Palpably

1 : capable of being touched or felt : TANGIBLE

2 : easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE

3 : easily perceptible by the mind : MANIFEST

PARC

Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center

read CNN article at http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9907/08/1972.idg/

 

Pervasive

to become diffused throughout every part of

 

Pedagogue

a teacher; especially a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher

 

Pedantic

narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously learned

 

Pejorative

having negative connotations; especially : tending to disparage or belittle

 

Personal Computer

a general-purpose computer equipped with a microprocessor and designed to run especially commercial software (as a word processor or World Wide Web browser) for an individual user

 

Pithy

1 : consisting of or abounding in pith
2 : having substance and point : tersely cogent

synonym see CONCISE

 

S

Sadist

1 : a sexual perversion in which gratification is obtained by the infliction of physical or mental pain on others (as on a love object) -- compare MASOCHISM
2 a : delight in cruelty b : excessive cruelty

Scholarly

of, characteristic of, or suitable to learned persons : LEARNED, ACADEMIC

 

Switch

1 : a slender flexible whip, rod, or twig <a riding switch>
2 : an act of switching : as a : a blow with a switch b : a shift from one to another c : a change from the usual
3 : a tuft of long hairs at the end of the tail of an animal (as a cow) -- see COW illustration
4 a : a device made usually of two movable rails and necessary connections and designed to turn a locomotive or train from one track to another b : a railroad siding
5 : a device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electrical circuit
6 : a heavy strand of hair used in addition to a person's own hair for some coiffures

 

T

Tautology

1 : needless repetition of an idea, statement, or word

 

Transistor

1 : a solid-state electronic device that is used to control the flow of electricity in electronic equipment and consists of a small block of a semiconductor (as germanium) with at least three electrodes
2 : a transistorized radio

 

U

Utility Software

Programs that make operation of a PC or a LAN more convenient, including programs to move disk files more easily, diagnostic programs, etc.

 

V

VLSI

the current level of computer microchip miniaturization, refers to microchips containing in the hundreds of thousands of transistors. LSI (large-scale integration) meant microchips containing thousands of transistors. Earlier, MSI (medium scale integration) meant a microchip containing hundreds of transistors and SSI (small-scale integration) meant transistors in the tens.

http://iroi.seu.edu.cn/books/ee_dic/whatis/vlsi.htm