Since you are working on the Ethical Case Analysis during this half of the semester, questions relating to the
      ethical principles being used in preparing your paper will be included on the final exam.

Essay Question Information -

Reviewing the study questions below will prepare you for the ESSAY portions of the final exam. If you have questions about any items, please let me know. They are listed in no particular order.

When answering each essay question, you should draw on and reference the assigned readings and seminar information relevant to the topic. I will be looking for specific content in your answers, not counting the number of words you write!

Information related to each topic included on the final exam,  Globalization and Economic Development, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, and Population, Environment and Climate Change can be reviewed by clicking on each of these topics.

Ethical theories and principles should be considered and mentioned where appropriate in answering all questions. Specific questions related to the ethical principles and concepts utilized in your "ethics case analysis" may also be included on the examination..

The 3 essay questions will be based on the study questions below. Twenty percent of the final exam score will be based on the two "short" essays and 40% on the one "critical" essay.  

The other 40% of the final exam will be made up of multiple choice and short answer items as was done for the mid-term exam.

The actual wording of the final exam essay questions will be different than what appears below although the focus will be the same.

The letters SE following a question indicates that it is a "short essay" item while the letters CE mean the item is a "critical essay" one. 
The primary difference between these two types of questions is the breadth and depth of the answer required.
A CE item might be converted into a SE one by selecting a portion of the CE item listed below to include on the final exam.

Unit Four - Computers, Surveillance Technologies, and Artificial Intelligence

1. In your view, why is privacy an important issue and what are TWO MAJOR technological advances that make this more
        important today than 100 years ago?  Discuss TWO  MAJOR potentially negative impacts if your privacy is violated.    CE

2.  Discuss the MAJOR way a robot with "AI" would be different than a typical robot produced today.  SE

3.  Although much personal information has been in the public domain, why do many fear that computers 
        today pose a serious threat to our privacy and security?  SE 

4. What is seen by many as being the major leap in the evolution of computers and what issues, including ethical
        ones, might arise if this breakthrough occurs?  CE

5.  Describe the THREE PRIMARY functions of a computer and discuss why one of them is felt to be a 
        contributing factor to job losses in our country.  SE

6.  Briefly explain how computers are being merged with animals and humans today. Where might this ultimately
        lead and what is ONE KEY ethical issue related to this technology.  SE

 Unit Five - Globalization and Economic Development

1.  Describe TWO KEY technologies and how their development in the past 50 years has impacted the expansion of globalization today. CE 

2.  What TWO MAJOR conditions exist in many LDCs which give those countries what some call an "unfair
          advantage" over workers in MDCs when competing for jobs?    SE

3.  Briefly describe the concept of "out-sourcing" and discuss ONE MAJOR positive and ONE MAJOR negative impact of it.   SE

4.  Discuss TWO PRIMARY reasons why Henry Ford might have decided to pay his workers $5 a day when other automobile companies were 
            paying considerably less than that amount.    SE

5.  What MAJOR CATEGORY of U.S. jobs were initially "outsourced" and how has that changed today?  
            What is one KEY way used by LDCs to lure companies to relocate?   CE

6.  Name TWO  major characteristics of globalization and explain ONE MAJOR WAY why globalization
             is beneficial and ONE MAJOR WAY globalization is harmful to you.  CE

7.  Discuss the TWO MAJOR reasons seen as accounting for the loss of jobs in the U.S. today, aside from
            reduced consumer demand. CE

Unit Six - Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

1.  What is the MAJOR ethical issue related to the debate over embryonic stem cell research often used to oppose 
        this technology?  Discuss the MAJOR ethical argument put forward by those who support this type of research?  CE

2.  Describe the TWO PRIMARY ways in which organisms change in nature and TWO MAJOR 
        reasons genetic engineering has become very popular today.    CE

3  What is ONE possible benefit and ONE negative aspect of the "eugenics"?  Discuss the ONE ethical principle
        which would justify such programs and the other ethical principle which finds them morally unacceptable.
        How does this issue relate to the PGD process.   CE

4.  Explain the MAJOR limitation of using the "One shouldn't play God" statement to justify why a 
          particular technological procedure is not ethically permissible or prohibited.    SE 

5.  What aspect of the ART process of  in vitro fertilization is related to stem cell research, what is the PRIMARY
         related ethical issue and how is it addressed in some countries?     SE 

6.  Discuss a PRIMARY ISSUE related to technologies associated with "end-of-life-care" and a key ethical concern raised.  SE

Unit Seven - Population, Energy, and the Climate Change

1.  Discuss the extent to which MDCs and LDCs each contribute to world population growth and their 
        respective environmental impacts.  Given current patterns of population growth, what ONE change do you feel 
        would be most beneficial in moving toward a more sustainable and "just" world.     CE

2.  Discuss the PRIMARY CHANGE in a number of LDCs in terms of the IPAT equation which many believe
        poses the greatest threat to the environment.    SE

3.  Briefly explain the theme of the "Tragedy of the Commons" and Hardin's proposed solution to the problem.
        How do the points ?     CE

4.  Population growth is widely believed to be a MAJOR contributing cause of many environmental problems.  What concomitant issues
         are related to this and what is ONE PLAUSIBLE solution you believe might provide relief?    CE

5.  Identify and discuss the components of the IPAT equation in light of the changes occurring our world today.   SE

6.  Increased energy consumption in the world is a major concern. Discuss why this is occurring, TWO potential impacts, and ONE
        way governments are attempting to mitigate this change. CE