| LECTURE | SUMMARY |
|---|---|
| - L01 | Big bang | Synthesis of first elements | Formation of first galaxies | Formation of the solar system and subsequent evolution of life |
| L00 | Magnitude scale | Apparent and Absolute magnitudes | The relationship: 5 log d = m - M + 5 |
| L01 | Earth | Moon & Planets | Their surfaces | Sun and its energy generation | Comets | Possible origin of life on Earth |
| L02 | Celestial poles | Celestial meridian | Apparent motion of sun among stars | Formation of seasons | Ecliptic and general introduction to the celestial sphere |
| L03 | Structure of the Milky Way | Distribution of stars | Dark dust and gas clouds and their chemical makeup |
| L04 | Mars' motion among stars | Retrograde motion | Kepler's Laws | Newtonian modification and masses of stars |
| L05 | Wave motion | Electromagnetic waves | Spectral lines | Blackbodies | Wien's law | Plank curve | Application of blackbody theory to stars |
| L06 | Atomic structure | Electronic transitions, emission, and absorption | Formation of spectral lines | Stellar spectra |
| L07 | Spectral classes O, B, A .. etc of stars | Apparent magnitude m | Absolute magnitude M | Astronomical unit | d = 1/p and the definition of parsec |
| L08 | Stars near sun and the HR diagram | Explanation of various regions in the HR diagram | Nature of stars in these regions |
| L09 | Discussion on the HR diagram | Stars on the main sequence | Evolution while on the main sequence | Mass-luminosity for main sequence stars |
| L10 | Nature of the interstellar medium | Its chemistry | How to detect cool gas via 21cm line |
| L11 | Jeans mass and protostar formation | Hayashi tracks on the HR diagram | Star birth & ZAMS |
| L12 | Death of a star similar to the sun | Electron degeneracy | He flash |
| L13 | Horizontal branch | Ascend on the asymptotic giant branch | Ejection of planetary nebulae | Formation of white dwarfs | Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses |
| L18 | Time spent on the horizontal branch; Mass loss from stars; C burning not possible for 1 solar mass stars; C degenerate core; Chemical reactions at the core; C + He = O + Energy; Oscillations of stars - Variable stars; Ejection of planetary nebulae; Mass loss via planetary nebulae; White dwarfs; Chandrasekhar limit; Mass - radius relation for white dwarfs |
| L19 | Death of a high mass star; Black dwarfs; If M > 8 solar masses; Onion structure of a high mass star; Iron core; Neutron degenerate core formation; Supernovae explosion; Type I supernovae; Type II supernovae; The difference between the two |
| L20 | After a Type II supernovae; Neutron stars; Pulsars; Black holes; Formation of black holes; Light bending near massive objects; Event horizon of a black hole; Evaporation of black holes through Hawking process |
| L21 | Milky Way - first observations; LMC and SMC; Components of the Milky Way; Face-on and edge-on views; Star counts; 21cm line observations; stellar motions; Shape of Milky Way; Variable stars - Cepheids and RR Lyrae; Periods of variables; Period luminosity relation for variable stars; Distance of sun from the galactic center; Globular clusters; Direction to the galactic center; Halo and disk populations; Motions of disk stars; Motions of halo stars; Rotation curve and Mass of the Milky Way; Dark matter problem; Gravitational lensing to detect dark matter |
| L22 | Milky Way as just another galaxy; Galaxies are fundamental building blocks of the universe; Shapes of galaxies; Hubble Deep field; Halo and Disk; Different types of galaxies; Hubble's Tuning Fork Diagram; Morphological classification of galaxies; Physical nature of Elliptical, Spiral, Barred Spirals, and S0 galaxies |
| L23 | Hubble deep field; Distribution of galaxies in space; Measuring distance in the cosmos; Standard candles; Supernovae explosions as standard candles; Tully - Fisher relation; Virgo infall; Universe < 100 Mpc; Universe upto 200 Mpc; Universe within 400 Mpc; Expanding universe; Remote galaxies show redshifts; Redshift z and its relation to emitted and observed wavelengths of light; Relation between z and recession speed of galaxies; Hubble's law; Age of the universe; Measure of distances beyond 200 Mpc |
| L24 | Mapping of galaxies in the directions of north and south galactic poles; Distribution of galaxies in close proximity of the Milky Way; Homogeneous galaxy distribution at large scale; Arguments for the cosmological principle; Rejection of geocentric and anthropocentric arguments; Universe has no center or edge; Galaxies do not move, spacetime expands; Habble's law and age of the universe; Big bang; Where did the big bang occur; Universe is finite; Olbers paradox; Cosmological redshift |
| L25 | Newtonian universe; General relativity; 4 - D universe; Einstein and De Sitter universes; Robertson - Walker line element; Scale factor R(t); Form of R(t) and known cosmological models; Flat, closed, and open models; Critical density and its role on geometry of the universe; Cosmological dark matter; Age of the universe; Big bang and big crunch; CMBR and its properties |
| L26 | Standard big bang model; Conditions at t = 0; Plank time; Invalidity of our physical laws for t < Plank time; Universe emerging from the big bang; Big bang nucleosynthesis during first three minutes; CMBR; Quantum fluctuations imprinted on CMBR; Epoch of galaxy formation; Massive star formation in the early universe; Possibility of life elsewhere in the universe |
| L27 | Matter and radiation; Energy content of the CMBR; Matter domination; Radiation domination; Cross over point and how matter and radiation change with time; Pair production; Formation of elementary particles out of radiation in the early universe; Formation of the primordial soup |
| L28 | Radiation Era; Plank Time; Quantum Gravity; GUT phase; Hadron phase; Lepton phase; Nuclear era; Production of light elements in the early universe - bib bang nucleosynthesis |
| L29 | Particle creation in the Early Universe through pair creation; Different threshold for different particles; How forces became decoupled when the universe underwent cooling due to expansion; Mediation of forces through exchange of bosons |
| L30 | Horizon problem; Flatness problem; GUT phase; Phase transition when strong force became decoupled; Electroweak theory and W+, W-, & Z0 particles; Strong force mediation through gluons; Arguments for the False Vacuum; Inflationary phase of the False Vacuum; Solution of Flatness and Horizon problems through Inflation |